C++ Language Interview Questions and answers

1) What is C++?

C++ is an object oriented programming language. It was developed by Bjame Stroustrup in 1983 at the AT & T Bell Laboratories, Now Jersey, USA. It is basically a super set of C, which provided low level features.

2) What are the basic concepts of OOP?

• Objects
• Classes
• Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Dynamic Binding
• Message Passing

3) What is oops?

An object oriented program is a collection of discrete objects, which are self contained collections of both data structures and functions that interact with other objects.

4) What are the characteristic of C++ language?

• It has the following characteristics :
• Reduces complexity while solving problems
• Correctness of results is ensured
• Affordable in terms of hardware and other resources
• Easier and cheaper for integrating existing software facilities and libraries
• Portable i.e. can be used on different types of computers with little or no change in the programs.

 5) What are the types of character set?

• We have two character sets in C++. These are :
• Source characters
• Escape sequences /Execution characters

6) What are the elements of OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING?

• The main concepts of object oriented programming are :
• Data Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

7)  What are the components of a class?

A class consists of two components data members and methods.

8) What are methods?

Methods are functions associated with the class. They are able to access even private data members.

9) What is the significance of class keyword in C++/Java?

The keyword class (in C++ and Java) specifies an Abstract Data Type (ADT). ADTs expose operations that provide a higher level functionality, and the lower level implementation details are isolated and hidden from the users of the class.

10)  What is the difference between source and escape sequences?

The source text is created with the help of source characters.

These are interpreted at execution time. The values of these characters are implementation defined.

C Language Interview Questions and answers

1) Who invented C Language?

Dennis Ritchie in 1972 developed a new language by inheriting the features of both BCPL and B and adding additional features. He named the language as just C

2) Who invented B Language?

Ken Thomson at AT&T Bell Labs developed a language and named it B. Even the B language was found to have some short comings to support development of both business applications and system software.

3) Who invented BCPL Language?

Basic Combined Programming Language(BCPL) was developed by Martin Richards, Cambridge university.

4) Why C Language?

C is one of the high level languages. It is a general purpose language, which means it can be used to write programs of any sort.

5) What are the features of C Langauges?

• In C one can write programs like that of high level languages as in COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN etc. as well as it permits very close interaction with the inner workings of the computer.
• It is a general purpose programming language. It is usually called system programming language but equally suited to writing a variety of applications.
• It supports various data types
• It follows the programming style based on fundamental control flow constructions for structured programming
• Functions may be pre–defined or user defined and they may return values of basic types, structures, unions or pointers.

Networking Interview Questions and Answers

1) What is a Link?

A link refers to the connectivity between two devices. It includes the type of cables and protocols used in order for one device to be able to communicate with the other.

2) What are the layers of the OSI reference model?

There are 7 OSI layers: Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer.

3) What is backbone network?

A backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute different routes and data to various networks. It also handles management of bandwidth and various channels.

4) What is a LAN?

LAN is short for Local Area Network. It refers to the connection between computers and other network devices that are located within a small physical location.

5) What is a node?

A node refers to a point or joint where a connection takes place. It can be computer or device that is part of a network. Two or more nodes are needed in order to form a network connection.

6) What are routers?

Routers can connect two or more network segments. These are intelligent network devices that store information in its routing table such as paths, hops and bottlenecks. With this info, they are able to determine the best path for data transfer. Routers operate at the OSI Network Layer.

7) What is point to point link?

It refers to a direct connection between two computers on a network. A point to point connection does not need any other network devices other than connecting a cable to the NIC cards of both computers.

8) What is anonymous FTP?

Anonymous FTP is a way of granting user access to files in public servers. Users that are allowed access to data in these servers do not need to identify themselves, but instead log in as an anonymous guest.

9) What is subnet mask?

A subnet mask is combined with an IP address in order to identify two parts: the extended network address and the host address. Like an IP address, a subnet mask is made up of 32 bits.

10) What is the maximum length allowed for a UTP cable?

A single segment of UTP cable has an allowable length of 90 to 100 meters. This limitation can be overcome by using repeaters and switches.

11) What is data encapsulation?

Data encapsulation is the process of breaking down information into smaller manageable chunks before it is transmitted across the network. It is also in this process that the source and destination addresses are attached into the headers, along with parity checks.

12) Describe Network Topology

Network Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect to one another.

13) What is VPN?

VPN means Virtual Private Network, a technology that allows a secure tunnel to be created across a network such as the Internet. For example, VPNs allow you to establish a secure dial-up connection to a remote server.

14) Briefly describe NAT.

NAT is Network Address Translation. This is a protocol that provides a way for multiple computers on a common network to share single connection to the Internet.

15) What is the job of the Network Layer under the OSI reference model?

The Network layer is responsible for data routing, packet switching and control of network congestion. Routers operate under this layer.

16) How does a network topology affect your decision in setting up a network?

Network topology dictates what media you must use to interconnect devices. It also serves as basis on what materials, connector and terminations that is applicable for the setup.

17) What is RIP?

RIP, short for Routing Information Protocol is used by routers to send data from one network to another. It efficiently manages routing data by broadcasting its routing table to all other routers within the network. It determines the network distance in units of hops.

18) What are different ways of securing a computer network?

There are several ways to do this. Install reliable and updated anti-virus program on all computers. Make sure firewalls are setup and configured properly. User authentication will also help a lot. All of these combined would make a highly secured network.